Read aloud reading - Sep 16, 2020 · Menurut Zulhannan (2014), tujuan dan manfaat membaca menggunakan strategi reading aloud adalah: Medium untuk membangkitkan semangat peserta didik untuk gemar membaca, disamping merasakan nilai sastra dan aspek-aspek yang berkaitan dengan keindahan. Medium untuk memperbaiki ucapan, membenarkan bacaan, mengekspresikan sesuatu yang baik, dan mampu ...

 
An interactive read aloud is a “systematic approach to reading aloud where the teacher models vocabulary development, reading fluency, and comprehension strategies, and requires the students to interact and become participants in their own learning” (Johnston, 2016, p.40).. Cosprof

NaturalReader converts text, PDF, and 20+ formats into spoken audio so you can listen to your documents, ebooks, and school materials anytime, anywhere. Get Started For … The mere example of my reading aloud had done the trick. They had picked it up through their ears. Expressive reading is remembered. And so it is with our own children. They’ll read with exactly the same expressive inflections as we do, which is why we should make the effort to read aloud with vitality and lots of vocal variation. Section 22 Aug 31, 2021 · Done right, reading aloud is compelling to both kids and adults. Done right, reading aloud is compelling to both kids and adults. ... If you are recording your read-alouds, consider a cost ... Screenshots. Have your books, PDFs and more read aloud to you by 140+ AI-powered voices in over 25 different languages/dialects! NaturalReader is a mobile app that can read aloud a variety of texts like PDFs, online articles, cloud documents, even images taken by your camera and so many more. With over 1 million monthly users and over 15 years ... part of developing reading skills. Reading a book aloud, taking turns reading, acting out a book, and discussing a book are all critical elements to engage a child in the reading process. Reading together starts children on a path to obtain the necessary reading skills to become proficient, interested, and hopefully lifelong readers. Read-Aloud ...Read aloud offers a variety of voices and accents to provide you with a variety of reading experiences. Start Read aloud, then select Voice options to choose a voice. Voice packages are available as well to your Windows devices to add more voice options to Read aloud. Go to Settings > Time & Language > Speech to learn more about voice packages.Reading comprehension was enhanced when students read aloud as opposed to silently, because collecting data on WCPM (Word Correct per Minute) requires students to read aloud, the current findings ...Use Speak to read text aloud. After you have added the Speak command to your Quick Access Toolbar, you can hear single words or blocks of text read aloud by selecting the text you want to hear and then clicking the Speak icon on the Quick Access Toolbar.. Learn more. Listen to your Word documents with Read Aloud. Listen to your Outlook email …Read Aloud Worksheets. Reading aloud encourages students to practice their oral and pronunciation skills. It's best for teachers to read the stories to the class just before and immediately after passing out the papers. Students can be paired or put in small groups to practice reading passages out loud to each other. Volunteers can demonstrate ...Trump had to sit silently as mocking memes about him were read aloud in court. Clarissa-Jan Lim. Updated April 17, ... Merchan apologized for any offense caused …Read Aloud. This question type is the 1st one in the Speaking Section. Test takers will see a textual passage before they are given 40 seconds for preparation and another 40 seconds for reading the passage aloud, and answers are recorded only once. Questions in this form usually have 6-7 questions.Mar 16, 2022 · An interactive read aloud is a “systematic approach to reading aloud where the teacher models vocabulary development, reading fluency, and comprehension strategies, and requires the students to interact and become participants in their own learning” (Johnston, 2016, p.40). The read-aloud process has enormous benefits to literacy learning. Read-aloud is an instructional practice where teachers, parents, and caregivers read texts aloud to children. The reader incorporates variations in pitch, tone, pace, volume, pauses, eye contact, questions, and comments to produce a fluent and enjoyable delivery. Text to speech (TTS) is a technology that converts text into spoken audio. It can read aloud PDFs, websites, and books using natural AI voices. Text-to-speech (TTS) technology can be helpful for anyone who needs to access written content in an auditory format, and it can provide a more inclusive and accessible way of communication for many ... Oct 17, 2023 · Search the website then click the bin icon to remove and check if the issue is fixed. If that didn't help, you may report this by pressing Alt+Shift+I and submit the logs and recording of what's happening. It'll help the Edge team to diagnose the problem and create a fix for it. LF. Lisa Fro. Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of letters, symbols, etc., especially by sight or touch.. For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.. Other types …Reading is great, but sometimes you want or need to listen. Let your computer or phone read aloud to you with the top text-to-speech tools for accessibility, productivity, and enjoyment.Read Aloud is a Firefox extension that uses text-to-speech technology to convert webpage text to audio. It works on a variety of websites, including news sites, blogs, fan fiction, publications, textbooks, school and class websites, online universities and course materials. Read Aloud is aimed at users who prefer to listen to content instead of ... Speak is a built-in feature of Word, Outlook, PowerPoint, and OneNote. Speak reads aloud only the text you select. Read Aloud reads the entire document starting from your cursor location like an audiobook. To use Speak: Select a word or block of text in your document. In the Quick Access Toolbar, select the Speak selected text icon. Listen to content, read along with the highlighted text, adjust the reading speed and volume, and more Settings Personalize highlighting colors, keyboard shortcuts, and more Click and Listen Click on text to have it read aloud Enlarge Text See the text being read in a larger font Text Mode Read distraction-free in your preferred font, size, and ...ReadLoudly - Text to Speech. Read and Listen to Text Documents Online. Easily hear your text documents as audio books and experience the joy of hands-free … In your Kindle book, tap the screen to show the progress bar, and then tap the Play button next to the progress bar to hear the text read aloud. To increase or decrease the reading speed of the Text-to-Speech voice, tap the Narration Speed icon. You can listen to the Text-to-Speech voice through the external speakers on your device or through ... NaturalReader is text to speech app that reads text, PDF, webpages, and eBooks aloud to you with our quality, natural-sounding AI voices. NaturalReader is an essential tool for those with dyslexia and other reading difficulties. Open up your ears to a new reading experience with over 150 voices in over 20 languages. Just sit back, relax, and let us read to you. Instantly reads out loud text & PDF with natural sounding voices. Online - works out of the box. Drop the text and click play. Drag text or pdf files to the text-box, or directly type/paste in text. Select language and click Play. Remembers text and caret position between sessions. Works on Chrome and Safari, desktop and mobile. Enjoy listening :) (For licensing or usage, contact [email protected])Buy the book here - https://amzn.to/3BulTjI Affiliate link disclosure – When purchasing a book via th...Enjoy this classic for our younger readers as a bunny in his great, green room says goodnight to the moon and everything all around him.Written by Margaret W...Read My Text Out Loud. Our cutting-edge text to speech reader is designed to read aloud online from text in Word documents, PDF files, EPUB ebooks and many more formats. It can read naturally, as a native speaker would speak to text. Read outloud everything from short recipes to full book volumes. Try out the word pronouncer audio on smaller ...Revisiting Read Alouds: Instructional Strategies that Encourage Students’ Engagement with Text. By: Vanessa Morrison, Lisa Wheeler. Learn about evidence-based practices that …May 10, 2023 · The basic read-alouds here check all the boxes: clear reading, engaging voices, and a wide selection, including many that older readers will like. This is a super channel for struggling readers to plug into during center time, as there are many high-interest Pete the Cat books and other popular characters from mainstream movies and programs. Read-Aloud Books introduce and expose students to the sounds that different letters or combinations of letters make, help teachers provide models of fluent reading, and build oral and listening comprehension skills. Alliteration with consonants or repetition of vowel sounds in each book provides opportunities for students to demonstrate ...For some reason, it’s not working now. It won’t let me select individual chapters to use the “Read Aloud” function on it. It always goes to the first page to start to read it instead of what I want it to read. Also, it won’t highlight or move the page down as it reads, it’s like it’s frozen but yet it’s not at the same time. Reading aloud is one of the most important things adults can do to boost literacy and social-emotional development in very young children. Studies have shown that children who are read to regularly are more likely to develop early literacy skills, such as rhyming , letter recognition, and phonemic awareness (hearing the sounds in spoken words ... When I select read aloud, or try to have the function read aloud only a small segment of text, the read aloud menu opens at the top of the screen (with the play, previous, and next buttons) and the blue loading bar starts cycling, but then it never actually starts reading. The pdf just loads indefinitely.I am so grateful to be reading, "Kindness is My Superpower" by Alicia Ortego who allowed me to read her book on my channel. Little Lucas will learn what kind...Free. Text To Speech Reader. Instantly reads out loud text & PDF with natural sounding voices. Online - works out of the box. Drop the text and click play. Drag text or pdf files to the text-box, or directly type/paste in text. Select language and click Play. Remembers text and caret position between sessions.Mar 14, 2022 · First, open the document you want to read aloud in Microsoft Word. Next, place the cursor where you want to start listening from or highlight the text that you want to be read aloud. Then, go to the ‘Review’ tab and click the ‘Read Aloud’ button in the ribbon or simply press Alt + Ctrl + Space. What is a Read Aloud? According to Reading Rockets (n.d.), "reading aloud is one of the most important things parents and teachers can do with children. Reading aloud builds many important foundational skills, introduces vocabulary, provides a model of fluent, expressive reading, and helps children recognize what reading for pleasure is all about". Convert text into ultra-realistic audio. Have any text read aloud with AI Voices. AI text reader for pdfs, books, documents, and webpages.Immersive Reader is a feature that helps to improve reading skills for people of all ages and abilities. Immersive Reader shows text in a window where you can have it read aloud or formatted in ways that enhance reading, such as words divided into syllables, color coded and tagged for parts of speech, or extra spacing between words and lines.Enjoy the magic of reading with this playlist of read alouds by some of the best children's authors and illustrators. Scholastic invites you to discover new stories and old favorites.This is the tale of Mufaro's two daughters, two beautiful girls who react in different ways to the king's search for a wife - one is mean and selfish, the ot... Instantly reads out loud text & PDF with natural sounding voices. Online - works out of the box. Drop the text and click play. Drag text or pdf files to the text-box, or directly type/paste in text. Select language and click Play. Remembers text and caret position between sessions. Works on Chrome and Safari, desktop and mobile. Enjoy listening :) Mar 14, 2022 · First, open the document you want to read aloud in Microsoft Word. Next, place the cursor where you want to start listening from or highlight the text that you want to be read aloud. Then, go to the ‘Review’ tab and click the ‘Read Aloud’ button in the ribbon or simply press Alt + Ctrl + Space. 6. Read Aloud Alone. Reading aloud can also be a way to spend some quality time alone connecting with the voice and mind of a beloved author, rather than scrolling through social media feeds. Pick a favorite book, a favorite speech, monologue, lesson, essay, or poem. Can you feel the voice of the author or character as you read …This week, it was suggested that in order to foster a love of reading, parents and teachers should continue reading aloud to children well into their teen years. To get a handle on why doing so is ... Speak is a built-in feature of Word, Outlook, PowerPoint, and OneNote. Speak reads aloud only the text you select. Read Aloud reads the entire document starting from your cursor location like an audiobook. To use Speak: Select a word or block of text in your document. In the Quick Access Toolbar, select the Speak selected text icon. Jan 13, 2024 · 1. Breathe. Doing a simple breathing exercise before you have to read aloud can help calm any nerves you have. Learning to control your breathing can help decrease your heart rate and blood pressure, and put your body in a relaxed, calm state. Try this breathing exercise to calm your nerves: Here are 10 key reasons to keep reading aloud to older kids: It builds vocabulary. Kids who are read to encounter more words -- and learn how to recognize and pronounce them -- than they would by just being spoken to. And studies show that having a large vocabulary can help kids perform better in school. It improves comprehension.Speak is a built-in feature of Word, Outlook, PowerPoint, and OneNote. Speak reads aloud only the text you select. Read Aloud reads the entire document starting from your cursor location like an audiobook. To use Speak: Select a word or block of text in your document. In the Quick Access Toolbar, select the Speak selected text icon.In the Preferences dialog box of Reader, select Edit > Preferences. Select Reading (in the left pane). In the right pane, make sure Use Default Voice is deselected and select a voice from the drop-down list that you have verified installed on your computer. Next, click OK. Enjoy the convenience of having PDF files read aloud to you.With a read-aloud, you can engage students in higher-level thinking. By reading aloud, you’re giving students access to more challenging text (that they often can’t yet read on their own). Shared reading and guided reading are great for working on all skills. They’re “closer” to independent reading, so you’re getting students ready ...Storyline Online - Home. April Featured Videos. Just Added. ALL BOOKS. An Emmy-nominated program of the SAG-AFTRA Foundation, Storyline Online features actors …Reach Out and Read’s impact is magnified by the generosity of thousands of volunteers nationwide. You can help support programs in your community by donating books (both new and gently-used), improving literacy-rich waiting rooms, and reading aloud to children at select program sites. We also encourage our supporters to teach their elected ...Mar 27, 2024 · Read Along is a free reading app for Android that helps children have fun while they learn to read. Read Along has an in-app reading buddy that listens to your young learner read aloud, offers assistance when they struggle and rewards them with stars when they do well – guiding them along as they progress. It works best for children who ... Screenshots. Have your books, PDFs and more read aloud to you by 140+ AI-powered voices in over 25 different languages/dialects! NaturalReader is a mobile app that can read aloud a variety of texts like PDFs, online articles, cloud documents, even images taken by your camera and so many more. With over 1 million monthly users and over 15 years ...CommonLit is a comprehensive literacy program with thousands of reading lessons, full-year ELA curriculum, benchmark assessments, and standards-based data for teachers. Get started for free. for teachers, students, & families. Explore school services. The ESV Bible is a relatively new Bible translation that combines word-for-word precision and accuracy with literary excellence, beauty, and readability. The KJV is the first version of Scripture authorized by the Protestant church and commissioned by England's King James I. Using modern English, the translators of the NLT focused on producing ... Hey Happy Readers!! Welcome to our Children's Books Read Aloud! In this video we read one of the most popular children's books and bedtime stories, a winner...1940. Free. Get. ReadAloud is a very powerful text-to-speech app which can read aloud web pages, news, documents, e-books or your own custom contents. ReadAloud can help with your busy life by reading aloud your articles while you continue with your other tasks. This app can be of great help to students with their reading assignments and also ... In your Kindle book, tap the screen to show the progress bar, and then tap the Play button next to the progress bar to hear the text read aloud. To increase or decrease the reading speed of the Text-to-Speech voice, tap the Narration Speed icon. You can listen to the Text-to-Speech voice through the external speakers on your device or through ... Sep 16, 2020 · Menurut Zulhannan (2014), tujuan dan manfaat membaca menggunakan strategi reading aloud adalah: Medium untuk membangkitkan semangat peserta didik untuk gemar membaca, disamping merasakan nilai sastra dan aspek-aspek yang berkaitan dengan keindahan. Medium untuk memperbaiki ucapan, membenarkan bacaan, mengekspresikan sesuatu yang baik, dan mampu ... NaturalReader is text to speech app that reads text, PDF, webpages, and eBooks aloud to you with our quality, natural-sounding AI voices. NaturalReader is an essential tool for those with dyslexia and other reading difficulties. Open up your ears to a new reading experience with over 150 voices in over 20 languages. Just sit back, relax, and let us read to you.Vooks is a digital library of children’s storybooks brought to life with beautiful animation, read-aloud narration, engaging music and sound, and read-along highlighted text. We’re educational ...Acrobat's Read Aloud is not a screen reader. Repeat: it is NOT a screen reader. It does not access and render the content (aka, voice it) per current PDF/UA-1 and WCAG 2.0 accessibility standards. It does not have the majority of user controls that real screen readers have. And it consistently mis-reads basic content.Simply scan your reading and have it read aloud up to 5x the speed. Get more productive, retain, and understand more in a shorter amount of time. For professionals Graduated law school? Passed the Bar? Writer, doctor, engineer, professor, or any profession that requires plenty of reading, TTS is a great tool to help simplify a productive life.An interactive read aloud is a “systematic approach to reading aloud where the teacher models vocabulary development, reading fluency, and comprehension strategies, and requires the students to interact and become participants in their own learning” (Johnston, 2016, p.40).For iPhone and iPad Users: Activate Speak Screen: Navigate to Settings > Accessibility > Spoken Content. Here, enable ‘Speak Screen.’. This feature allows your device to read aloud any text on the screen, including Kindle books. Using the Feature: Once enabled, swipe down with two fingers from the top of the screen to start the reading.Use Speak to read text aloud. After you have added the Speak command to your Quick Access Toolbar, you can hear single words or blocks of text read aloud by selecting the text you want to hear and then clicking the Speak icon on the Quick Access Toolbar.. Learn more. Listen to your Word documents with Read Aloud. Listen to your Outlook email …Among the many benefits of read aloud, Rog (2001) lists the following: building vocabulary. developing understandings of story structures. supporting developing connections between print elements. encouraging high levels of understanding. teaching the reading process in a meaningful context. modeling fluency.Read Aloud is a built-in feature of the Edge browser that reads the content of a webpage, eBook, or PDF, loud enough to be heard.You may think of it as a text-to-speech converter that allows you ...Pupils reading aloud in class is typically slower than a fluent, expert teacher. As such, pupils can get in the bad habit of following their peers along and even baking errors into their mental model of the text. For instance, in ‘Goodbye Round Robin’, Professor Tim Rasinski and Michael Opitz suggest that when pupils listen to their ...The mere example of my reading aloud had done the trick. They had picked it up through their ears. Expressive reading is remembered. And so it is with our own children. They’ll read with exactly the same expressive inflections as we do, which is why we should make the effort to read aloud with vitality and lots of vocal variation. Section 22 To change the voice, reading speed, pitch, or enable text highlighting, go to the Options page either by right clicking on the Read Aloud icon and choose Options, or by clicking the Gear button on the extension popup (you'll need to stop playback to see the Gear button). Read Aloud is an open-source project. If you wish to contribute bug fixes ... Reading aloud. These activities describe different ways you and your students can read text aloud in order to develop your students' feeling for the music of the language. Not only individual sounds, but the way words connect, intonation and rhythm are all important in coming across as an effective, natural-sounding speaker of English.Aug 31, 2021 · Done right, reading aloud is compelling to both kids and adults. Done right, reading aloud is compelling to both kids and adults. ... If you are recording your read-alouds, consider a cost ... The fundamental reading technique in dialogic reading is the PEER sequence. This is a short interaction between a child and the adult. The adult: P rompts the child to say something about the book, E valuates …Oct 17, 2023 · Search the website then click the bin icon to remove and check if the issue is fixed. If that didn't help, you may report this by pressing Alt+Shift+I and submit the logs and recording of what's happening. It'll help the Edge team to diagnose the problem and create a fix for it. LF. Lisa Fro. A classroom teacher examines the importance of the nonfiction read aloud as part of ongoing daily instruction, and highlights the need to empower students in both academic achievement, ... (2014). Nurturing The Inquiring Mind Through The Nonfiction Read-Aloud. The Reading Teacher, 67(7), 488–495. doi: 10.1002/trtr.1254 (opens in a new …Shared storybook reading is a type of read aloud practice where parents or teachers read aloud to children individually or in small or large groups. Before, during, and after the read aloud, the adult facilitates interactive discussions with children about the text. Moderate impacts were found on oral language (effect size = 0.57) and print ...Word 2016 and OneNote 2016 desktop. If you're having trouble with Read Aloud (in Word desktop) or Immersive Reader (in OneNote 2016 or 2013) reading your text in the wrong language, first check this list to see whether your language has text-to-speech capabilities.If your language doesn't have text-to-speech capabilities, it will not support voice and …Storyline Online - Home. April Featured Videos. Just Added. ALL BOOKS. An Emmy-nominated program of the SAG-AFTRA Foundation, Storyline Online features actors …Think-alouds have been described as “eavesdropping on someone’s thinking.”. With this strategy, teachers verbalize aloud while reading a selection orally. Their verbalizations include describing things they’re doing as they read to monitor their comprehension. The purpose of the think-aloud strategy is to model for students how skilled ...Storyline Online - Home. April Featured Videos. Just Added. ALL BOOKS. An Emmy-nominated program of the SAG-AFTRA Foundation, Storyline Online features actors …Jan 13, 2024 · 1. Breathe. Doing a simple breathing exercise before you have to read aloud can help calm any nerves you have. Learning to control your breathing can help decrease your heart rate and blood pressure, and put your body in a relaxed, calm state. Try this breathing exercise to calm your nerves: Listen up to 9x faster with Speechify’s ultra realistic text to speech software that lets you read faster than the average reading speed, without skipping out on the best AI voices. Try for free. ... Text to speech, also known as TTS, read aloud, or even speech synthesis. It simply means using artificial intelligence to read words aloud be; ...Hello there, I'm Awnie! I'm passionate about children's literature and love reading books to kids. I want to make stories come alive for your young ones! You can use my videos as a supplement to ... Instantly reads out loud text & PDF with natural sounding voices. Online - works out of the box. Drop the text and click play. Drag text or pdf files to the text-box, or directly type/paste in text. Select language and click Play. Remembers text and caret position between sessions. Works on Chrome and Safari, desktop and mobile. Enjoy listening :)

Read Aloud. This question type is the 1st one in the Speaking Section. Test takers will see a textual passage before they are given 40 seconds for preparation and another 40 seconds for reading the passage aloud, and answers are recorded only once. Questions in this form usually have 6-7 questions.. Www.bigpictureloans.com login

read aloud reading

MISSION. NATIONAL CAMPAIGN PROGRESS REPORT. NATIONAL 15 MINUTES MOVEMENT. NATIONAL LEADERSHIP PARTNERS. NATIONAL CAMPAIGN PULSE PARTNERS. NEWSROOM. CONTACT US. WHY 15 MINUTES MATTERS. IMPORTANCE OF READING ALOUD.Mar 14, 2022 · First, open the document you want to read aloud in Microsoft Word. Next, place the cursor where you want to start listening from or highlight the text that you want to be read aloud. Then, go to the ‘Review’ tab and click the ‘Read Aloud’ button in the ribbon or simply press Alt + Ctrl + Space. I created the Read-Aloud Revival ® because I wanted to fall in love with my homeschool, and I wanted my kids to love reading as much as I do. SARAH’S BOOKS. Find out why Sarah Mackenzie’s Read-Aloud Revival ® podcast has … Instantly reads out loud text & PDF with natural sounding voices. Online - works out of the box. Drop the text and click play. Drag text or pdf files to the text-box, or directly type/paste in text. Select language and click Play. Remembers text and caret position between sessions. Works on Chrome and Safari, desktop and mobile. Enjoy listening :) Oct 17, 2023 · Search the website then click the bin icon to remove and check if the issue is fixed. If that didn't help, you may report this by pressing Alt+Shift+I and submit the logs and recording of what's happening. It'll help the Edge team to diagnose the problem and create a fix for it. LF. Lisa Fro. Text to speech (TTS) is a technology that converts text into spoken audio. It can read aloud PDFs, websites, and books using natural AI voices. Text-to-speech (TTS) technology can be helpful for anyone who needs to access written content in an auditory format, and it can provide a more inclusive and accessible way of communication for many ...Reading aloud is the practice of reading from a book out loud to an audience of one or more. By its very nature reading aloud is interactive, sensory and can be hugely exciting for everyone. In Greek and Roman times, reading silently to yourself was frowned upon. It was very popular for people to hold gatherings where they would read …Reading 101. Explore reading basics as well as the key role of background knowledge and motivation in becoming a lifelong reader and learner. Watch our PBS Launching Young Readers series and try our self-paced Reading 101 course to deepen your understanding. Visit the Reading 101 OverviewConvert text into ultra-realistic audio. Have any text read aloud with AI Voices. AI text reader for pdfs, books, documents, and webpages.Read Aloud Worksheets. Reading aloud encourages students to practice their oral and pronunciation skills. It's best for teachers to read the stories to the class just before and immediately after passing out the papers. Students can be paired or put in small groups to practice reading passages out loud to each other. Volunteers can demonstrate ...PTE Read Aloud – In 40 seconds, you will have to read the text aloud as naturally and clearly as possible. These type of questions integrates reading and speaking skills and requires test takers to read a short text …Read Aloud: A Text to Speech Voice Reader. 4.2 (2.9K) Average rating 4.2 out of 5. 2.9K ratings. Google doesn't verify reviews. Learn more about results and reviews. Read aloud the current web-page article with one click, using text …Read Aloud is a Chrome and Firefox extension that uses text-to-speech technology to convert webpage text to audio. It works on a variety of websites, including news sites, blogs, fan fiction, publications, textbooks, school and …Modelled reading (reading to or reading aloud) involves students listening to a text read aloud by the teacher. The teacher models skilled reading behaviour, enjoyment and interest in a range of different styles of writing and types of text. It provides an opportunity for teachers to demonstrate their enjoyment in reading, and allows students ....

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